When establishing the locations of wells that will be used to monitor ground water in
hydrogeologic settings characterized by ground water flow in porous media, the following
should be documented:
Ground water flow rate should be based on accurate measurements of hydraulic
conductivity and hydraulic gradient, and accurate measurements or estimates of
effective porosity;
The horizontal and vertical components of flow should be accurately depicted
in flow nets and based on valid data; and
Any seasonal or temporal variations in the water table or potentiometric
surface, and in vertical flow components, should be determined.
Once an understanding of horizontal and vertical ground water flow has been
established, it is possible to estimate where monitoring wells will most likely intercept
contaminant flow.
4.4.2
Presenting Hydrogeologic Data
Subsequent to the generation and interpretation of site specific geologic data, the data
should be presented in geologic cross sections, topographic maps, geologic maps, and soil
maps. The Agency suggests that owners/operators obtain or prepare and review topographic,
geologic, and soil maps of the facility, in addition to site maps of the facility and waste
management units. In cases where suitable maps are not available, or where the information
contained on available maps is not complete or accurate, detailed mapping of the site should
be performed by qualified and experienced individuals. An aerial photograph and a
topographic map of the site should be included as part of the presentation of hydrogeologic
data and should meet the requirements of   270.13(h) and 270.14(b)(19), respectively. The
topographic map should be constructed under the supervision of a qualified surveyor and
should provide contours at a maximum of two foot intervals, as shown in Figure 7. Aerial
photographs with acetate overlays, the use of geologic data bases, or Geographic Information
Systems (GIS) may be suitable methods for presenting some data.
Geologic and soil maps should be based on rock, unconsolidated material, and soil
identifications gathered from borings and outcrops. The maps should use colors or symbols
to represent each soil, unconsolidated material, and rock type that outcrops on the surface.
The maps also should show locations of all borings and outcrops placed during the site
characterization. Geologic and soil maps are important because they can provide interpretive
information describing how site geology fits into the local and regional geologic setting.
November 1992
4 54






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