TYPES, VALUES, AND VARIABLES

Integer Operations

4.2.2

Primitive values do not share state with other primitive values. A variable

whose type is a primitive type always holds a primitive value of that same type.

The value of a variable of primitive type can be changed only by assignment oper 

ations on that variable.

The

numeric types

 are the integral types and the floating point types.

The

integral types

 are

byte

,

short

,

int

, and

long

, whose values are 8 bit,

16 bit, 32 bit and 64 bit signed two's complement integers, respectively, and

char

, whose values are 16 bit unsigned integers representing Unicode characters.

The

floating point types

 are

float

, whose values are 32 bit IEEE 754 float 

ing point numbers, and

double

, whose values are 64 bit IEEE 754 floating point

numbers.

The

boolean

 type has exactly two values:

true

 and

false.

4.2.1   Integral Types and Values

The values of the integral types are integers in the following ranges:

For

byte

, from  128 to 127, inclusive

For

short

, from  32768 to 32767, inclusive

For

int

, from  2147483648 to 2147483647, inclusive

For

long

, from  9223372036854775808 to 9223372036854775807, inclusive

For

char

, from

 \u0000 

 to

 \uffff 

 inclusive, that is, from 0 to 65535

4.2.2   Integer Operations

Java provides a number of operators that act on integral values:

The comparison operators, which result in a value of type

boolean

:

N

The numerical comparison operators

<

,

<=

,

>

, and

>=

 ( 15.19.1)

N

The numerical equality operators

==

 and

!=

 ( 15.20.1)

The numerical operators, which result in a value of type

int

 or

long

:

N

The unary plus and minus operators

+

 and

 ( 15.14.3,  15.14.4)

N

The multiplicative operators

*

,

/

, and

%

 ( 15.16)

N

The additive operators

+

 and

 ( 15.17.2)

N

The increment operator

++

, both prefix ( 15.14.1) and postfix ( 15.13.2)

N

The decrement operator

, both prefix ( 15.14.2) and postfix ( 15.13.3)

31