Chapter 5. Characters in Each Country
47
5.2.5 Columns
On console displays, each character occupies one column. Printed text can be equally spaced (one
column per character) or proportionally spaced (a character can occupy fractionally more or less
than a column, depending on its shape).
Note: Even when using Traditional Sorting, ch and ll occupy two columns. See the comment on
Traditional sorting in `Sorting' on the following page.
5.2.6 Writing Direction
Spanish is normally written in left to right lines arranged from top to bottom of the page. For
artistic purposes it might be written in top to bottom columns arranged left to right within the
page. This columnar arrangement would be expected only in graphic and charting programs (e.g.,
a drawing program, a spreadsheet graph or a page layout program for composing brochures) but
regular text editors wouldn't be expected to implement this style.
5.2.7 Layout of Characters
In the Spanish language, words are separated by spaces and a line can be broken at a space, a
punctuation sign or a hyphenated word.
There are several sets of paired characters in Spanish. Unlike English, question marks and excla 
mation signs are also paired. Other paired characters are the same as English (parenthesis, square
brackets, and so forth). Opening characters shouldn't appear at the end of a line. Closing char 
acters and punctuation signs such as period and comma shouldn't appear at the beginning of a
line.
Words can be broken at a syllabus and hyphenated. Unlike English, syllabi in Spanish end in a
vowel more often than in a consonant. Syllabi that end in a consonant letter are typically at the
end of a word or followed by a syllabus that starts with another consonant. Anyway, the rules are
not completely consistent and a hyphenation dictionary has to be used.
5.2.8 LANG variable
For Bash
set meta flag on
# keep all 8 bits for keyboard input
set output meta on
# keep all 8 bits for terminal output
set convert meta off
# don't convert escape sequences
export LC_CTYPE=ISO_8859_1






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