4.2
LIVING CONDITIONS   INCOME, EXPENDITURE, TIME 
ALLOCATION 
4.2.1 Income
Full time undergraduate students derived their income from three main
categories; their family, earnings from employment and different types of
grants, assistance or loans.  The highest amount of average monthly income
for students was  301 from paid employment,  266 from parents and  224
from State grants (Table 2). Female students received on average a higher
amount of income from family and males generated a higher amount from
work. Two thirds (66%) of all students received income from family, over half
(58%) raised it from working and one quarter (26%) received local authority
or state grants. Social welfare, bank loans and fellowships/scholarships were
a source of income for a minority of students, 6%, 5% and 4% respectively.
Table 2: Average Monthly Income of Students by gender
Monthly income from
Males
Females
Total
N     (%)
Employment
1878 (58%)
321
289
301*
Family
2161 (66%)
250
276
266*
State Grants
861 (26%)
216
228
224
Bank Loan
166
(5%)
203
177
188
Scholarships
115
(4%)
144
179
167
Social welfare
193
(6%)
135
147
144
*significant between gender (p<.01)
4.2.2.  Expenditure
The single largest monthly expenditure for students was on accommodation
averaging  273 per month, with females paying more for accommodation
than males (Table 3). The next two highest expenditure items were on
alcohol ( 110) and food ( 109) with males spending higher amounts on
these items than females. Male students also spent more on entertainment
and female students spent a greater amount on clothing and toiletries.  A
quarter of students spent on average  60 on tobacco per month and  27
on medical expenses.  A very small number (2%) of students paid on
average  54 per month for grinds.  Three quarters of all students spent
 33 per month on study books and materials, while 85% of students spend
 110 on alcohol and  52 on entertainment per month.
20






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