Scripting languages
Open source scripting languages for Linux like ECMAScript, Perl, Python, Ruby, 
Tcl, etc. have been ported to many different operating systems including Mac OS 
X and Windows. Typical Windows languages like Visual Basic, Visual Basic for 
Applications (VBA), or VB.NET are available for Linux to a certain degree as 
commercial offerings (for example, REALbasic) or as free implementations (like 
VB.NET in the Mono project from Novell):
http://www.thefreecountry.com/compilers/basic.shtml
All these Basic dialects are certainly relevant from a compatibility point of view 
(for example, for Excel macro migration), but do not play a central role in the 
foundation of the GNOME or KDE desktop environments since there are so 
many other natural choices there.
Python
Red Hat, for example, uses Python extensively in the installation process and at 
many other places. Tools like kudzu (which is also used for hardware recognition 
in the Debian based Knoppix distribution) are available as Python modules too. 
While using 
kudzu   probe 
is straightforward, the Python wrapper allows system 
administrators to write their own hardware recognition scripts in a much more 
elegant fashion, as you can see in Example C 1.
Example: C 1   Hardware recognition with kudzu and Python
#!/usr/bin/env python
import kudzu
print kudzu.probe(kudzu.CLASS_SOCKET, kudzu.BUS_PCI, kudzu.PROBE_ALL)
print kudzu.probe(kudzu.CLASS_NETWORK,kudzu.BUS_PCI, kudzu.PROBE_ALL)
devices = kudzu.probe(kudzu.CLASS_UNSPEC, kudzu.BUS_UNSPEC, kudzu.PROBE_ALL)
for dev in devices: print dev
QT Script for applications
Most Linux scripting languages have wrappers for the GTK+, QT, and 
WxWidgets libraries and even the whole KDE/GNOME APIs, so you can easily 
write simple desktop applications or panel applets for your own purposes. It is 
also possible to embed these languages in your programs to make them 
scriptable. Trolltech, for example, decided to give ECMAScript (the standardized 
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Linux Client Migration Cookbook   A Practical Planning and Implementation Guide for Migrating to Desktop






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