EXPRESSIONS

Boolean Logical Operators

&

,

^

, and

|

15.21.2

15.21   Bitwise and Logical Operators

The

bitwise operators

 and

logical operators

 include the AND operator

&

, exclu 

sive OR operator

^

, and inclusive OR operator

|

. These operators have different

precedence, with

&

 having the highest precedence and

|

 the lowest precedence.

Each of these operators is syntactically left associative (each groups left to right).

Each operator is commutative if the operand expressions have no side effects.

Each operator is associative.

AndExpression:

EqualityExpression

AndExpression

 &

EqualityExpression

ExclusiveOrExpression:

AndExpression

ExclusiveOrExpression

 ^

AndExpression

InclusiveOrExpression:

ExclusiveOrExpression

InclusiveOrExpression

 |

ExclusiveOrExpression

The bitwise and logical operators may be used to compare two operands of

numeric type or two operands of type

boolean

. All other cases result in a com 

pile time error.

15.21.1   Integer Bitwise Operators

&

,

^

, and

|

When both operands of an operator

&

,

^

, or

|

 are of primitive integral type, binary

numeric promotion is first performed on the operands ( 5.6.2). The type of the bit 

wise operator expression is the promoted type of the operands.

For

&

, the result value is the bitwise AND of the operand values.

For

^

, the result value is the bitwise exclusive OR of the operand values.

For

|

, the result value is the bitwise inclusive OR of the operand values.

For example, the result of the expression

0xff00 & 0xf0f0

 is

0xf000

. The

result of

0xff00 ^ 0xf0f0

 is

0x0ff0

.The result of

0xff00 | 0xf0f0

 is

0xfff0

.

15.21.2   Boolean Logical Operators

&

,

^

, and

|

When both operands of a

&

,

^

, or

|

 operator are of type

boolean

, then the type of

the bitwise operator expression is

boolean

.

For

&

, the result value is

true

 if both operand values are

true

; otherwise, the

result is

false

.

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